Detailed List of Surgical Procedures for Sigmund Freud
First Operation – April 20, 1923 (Age 67)
- Surgeon: Dr. Hans Hajek
- Procedure: Excisional biopsy of the lesion in Freud’s right posterior hard palate.
- Method: Outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia.
- Outcome: The procedure resulted in incomplete tumor removal and was complicated by severe postoperative bleeding, necessitating hospital admission.
Second Operation Stage 1 – October 4, 1923 (Age 67)
- Surgeon: Dr. Hans Pichler
- Procedure: The first stage of a planned two-stage operation.
- Ligation of the right external carotid artery to reduce blood loss.
- Removal of the right submandibular gland and lymph nodes.
- Method: Local anesthesia and sedation with pantopon (an opium derivative).
- Result: Histologic examination of the specimen showed no sign of malignancy.
Second Operation Stage 2 – October 11, 1923 (Age 67)
- Surgeon: Dr. Hans Pichler
- Procedure: The second stage of the planned operation.
- Partial maxillectomy and partial mandibulectomy.
- Removal of part of the right maxilla, medial pterygoid muscle, lingual cortex of the mandible, and lower right molars.
- Application of split-thickness skin graft from the upper arm to the raw areas of the right cheek.
- Techniques: Utilization of electrocautery for surgical resection, carotid ligation, and reconstruction of the defect with a skin graft.
- Prosthetics: Insertion of a prosthesis fashioned by Pichler.
Third Operation – November 12, 1923 (Age 67)
- Surgeon: Dr. Hans Pichler
- Procedure: Removal of the cancer recurrence.
- Further resection of the residual right pterygoid muscle and soft palate.
- Outcome: Complete breakdown of the soft palate, resulting in a challenging maxillary defect for effective prosthetic obturation.
Fourth Operation – November 17, 1923
- Surgeon: Victor Blum
- Procedure: Steinach operation for rejuvenation.
- Ligation of the vas deferens.
- Rationale: This procedure was believed to stimulate secretion of testicular hormones, potentially impacting the cancer positively.
Radiotherapy – 1934
- Intervention: Treatment of a premalignant lesion with radiotherapy.
- Prosthetics: Administration through a new vulcanite prosthesis supplied by Pichler, later replaced using a duplication technique.
Recurrence of Cancer – 1936
- Intervention: Surgical removal of the cancer recurrence.
- Anesthesia: First operation where Freud was given general anesthesia.
Fifth Operation – September 23, 1938 (Age 82)
- Surgeon: Dr. Hans Pichler
- Location: London
- Procedure: Removal of cancer recurrence.
Radiotherapy – September 1939
- Advising Physician: Dr. Finzi
- Intervention: Administration of radiotherapy.
Pain Management – ORTHOFORM
- Medication: Orthoform applied directly onto Freud’s mouth for pain relief.
Euthanasia – September 21, 1939
- Physician: Dr. Maxim Schur
- Procedure: Administration of 200 mg of morphine, followed by an additional 200 mg after 12 hours, leading to a coma and subsequent death.
Additional Information:
- Professor Hans Pichler: Conducted 33 procedures in total and crafted most of the needed prostheses for Freud’s rehabilitation over 16 years.
- The Obturator Prosthesis: Initially fabricated by Pichler, this device was essential for separating Freud’s oral and nasal cavities, and it required frequent adjustments and realignments.
Signature:
Michael Truppe, MD
Termin vereinbaren
Ordination Dr. Michael Truppe
Albertgasse 3/6 1080 Wien
Telefon 01 408 95 00 66
Email ordination@smile.wien
Ein verbindlicher Behandlungsplan und Heilkostenplan wird gemäß den Vorgaben der Zahnärztekammer erst nach einer Konsultation in der Praxis erstellt.
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